8.4.2.1: Maybe something happened, known as: "trained incompetence". In some organisations workers, confronted with problems, will be helped by a senior or a manager who takes over, taking care for a solution. What the worker learns is: if confronted with a problem someone else has to take over. This way of problem solving in an organisation may lead to learned helplessness or trained incompetence. The only way to change this, is to encourage people to make their own decisions and eventually their own mistakes. And to reinforce this while doing so, absolutely avoiding to take over.

Read organisations 3: the learning organisation. Read management&leadership 3: a consulting style of leadership. Read management&leadership 4: HRM. Read management&leadership 6: empowerment through core qualities. Read management&leadership 5: external and internal steering.